Alprazolam is a medication commonly known by the brand name Xanax. It belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs and is primarily prescribed to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and occasionally for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms.

Alprazolam works by enhancing the activity of a neurotransmitter in the brain called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA helps to calm excessive brain activity, which can contribute to anxiety and panic disorders. By increasing GABA levels, alprazolam produces a calming and sedating effect, reducing feelings of anxiety and promoting relaxation.